Batteries have three main components: positive electrode, negative electrode, and the chemical compound. When we refer to a battery, we are speaking of the chemistry of the battery such as alkaline or lithium batteries. Different chemical compounds have different electrical characteristics and applications. The battery industry has developed several types of batteries for today's electronic devices. Common types of batteries are:
COMMON TYPES OF BATTERIES
Chemical Battery
Disposable Batteries
Alkaline
Lithium
Silver-Oxide
Zinc-Air
Zinc-Carbon
Rechargeable Batteries
Lead-Acid
Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd)
Nickel-Metal Hydrate (Ni-MH)
Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion)
Lithium-Polymer (Li-Poly)
Fuel Cell
Physical Battery
Solar Battery Applications of BatteryOne might ask: What kind of batteries should I use for my electronic devices? Generally speaking, most household electronics such as radios, clocks, toys, remote controls etc., use disposable batteries. On the other hand, majority of modern electronic devices such as notebook/laptop computers, camcorders, digital cameras, cellular phones, PDA's… etc., use rechargeable batteries with the exceptions that some are designed to use both disposable and rechargeable batteries. When engineers design an electronic device, they determine what is the most suitable battery for the device based on the device's operating voltage requirements, the available space, and the power consumption characteristics. Due to the environmental concerns and long term operating costs for the device, in most cases, rechargeable batteries along with chargers are chosen as the sources of energy. Reusable energy is what makes portable electronics a convenient reality. Below are the applications and descriptions of common batteries.
TYPE
MODEL/SHAPE
APPLICATION
REMARK
DISPOSABLE BATTERIES
Alkaline
D, C, AA, AAA, N, 9V
Boom-box radios, flash lights, remote controls, cameras, CD players, shavers… etc.
Suitable for higher power consumption devices.
Lithium
Button, Cylinder Shape
Measurement instruments, back-up power
Suitable for most electronic devices require stable operating voltage.
Silver-Oxide
Button Shape
Watches, calculators, cameras… etc.
Suitable for small and staple power consumption devices
Zinc-Air
Button shape
Hear-aid
Zinc-Carbon
D, C, AA, AAA, N, 9V
Radio, flash light, remote control, toy… and other
Suitable for low power consumption electronic devices
RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
Lead-Acid
Packs, usually cubical
Back-up power, transportation equipment
Economical reusable energy, but bulky.
Nickel-Cadmium(Ni-Cd)
Cylinder Shape
Power tools, and other electronic products.
Suitable for devices that require instant high power drain or other special environments and requirements.
Nickel-Metal Hydrate(Ni-MH)
Cylinder and Rectangular Shape (*1)
Power tools, back-up power, transportation equipment, and all other electronic devices.
Economical reusable energy offers good price/performance value.
Lithium-Ion(Li-Ion)
Cylinder and Rectangular Shape (*1,*2)
All electronic devices including computer, communication, and consumer electronics.
Mostly used on portable electronic devices.
Lithium-Polymer(Li-Poly)
Rectangular Shape (*1,*2)
All electronic devices including computer, communication, and consumer electronics.
Mostly used on portable electronic devices.
Fuel Cell
Packs,
Transportation Equipment
For use with high power consumption equipment.*1. In real world applications, depends on the requirements of the devices, more than one battery may be used at the same time to create a battery pack.*2. The size of battery can be customized to suit the needs of individual electronic device.
Different types of battery have different electrical characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. There's no single type of battery that can fulfill the needs of all electronic devices
2007年6月7日星期四
The Battery World - Types and Applications(part 1)
The Battery World - Types and Applications
As the electronic technologies advances, our lives are filled with more and more battery operated products including toys, household appliances, computer, communications, consumer electronics, and transportation equipment. Batteries play an important role in supplying energy to these electronic products. With the use of batteries, human life becomes more convenient and efficient. But with all the kinds of batteries being used in the market, do you know what kind of battery you are using? Let's explore the world of batteries. Types of BatteriesTo simply put, batteries are "electricity" storage devices that in general, are divided into 2 categories: chemical battery and physical battery. When most people talk about batteries, they are referring to the chemical batteries that utilize chemical compounds as the source of energy which convert the reactions between chemical and conductive materials into electricity. On the other hand, physical battery utilizes light or heat and converts them into electricity. Since there aren't too many physics battery applications in the computer, communication, and consumer electronics products in the market, we will focus only on the chemical batteries in this article. Chemical battery can be further broken down into two sub-categories: Disposable and Rechargeable Batteries. Disposable Batteries - An example of disposable batteries are the common alkaline batteries found in a regular store. Disposable batteries are thrown away after the electricity had been used up. Disposable batteries are convenient but they are more costly in the long run and could create more hazards to our environment. Rechargeable Batteries - Examples of rechargeable batteries are Nickel-Metal Hydrate (Ni-MH) and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries. Although they are rechargeable, they do have limited number of charging and discharging life cycles. Depending on the chemical used in the batteries and the individual's usage patterns, the number of charging and discharging life cycles range approximate 300 ~ 1000 times, making rechargeable batteries more economical in the long run and a lot more environmentally friendly than disposable batteries.
As the electronic technologies advances, our lives are filled with more and more battery operated products including toys, household appliances, computer, communications, consumer electronics, and transportation equipment. Batteries play an important role in supplying energy to these electronic products. With the use of batteries, human life becomes more convenient and efficient. But with all the kinds of batteries being used in the market, do you know what kind of battery you are using? Let's explore the world of batteries. Types of BatteriesTo simply put, batteries are "electricity" storage devices that in general, are divided into 2 categories: chemical battery and physical battery. When most people talk about batteries, they are referring to the chemical batteries that utilize chemical compounds as the source of energy which convert the reactions between chemical and conductive materials into electricity. On the other hand, physical battery utilizes light or heat and converts them into electricity. Since there aren't too many physics battery applications in the computer, communication, and consumer electronics products in the market, we will focus only on the chemical batteries in this article. Chemical battery can be further broken down into two sub-categories: Disposable and Rechargeable Batteries. Disposable Batteries - An example of disposable batteries are the common alkaline batteries found in a regular store. Disposable batteries are thrown away after the electricity had been used up. Disposable batteries are convenient but they are more costly in the long run and could create more hazards to our environment. Rechargeable Batteries - Examples of rechargeable batteries are Nickel-Metal Hydrate (Ni-MH) and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries. Although they are rechargeable, they do have limited number of charging and discharging life cycles. Depending on the chemical used in the batteries and the individual's usage patterns, the number of charging and discharging life cycles range approximate 300 ~ 1000 times, making rechargeable batteries more economical in the long run and a lot more environmentally friendly than disposable batteries.
2007年6月5日星期二
4 tips to extend the life of your laptop battery
3.
Let your laptop do the saving. Not every computing device handles a power source in the same way. Some of the more sophisticated laptops, which are designed with business travelers in mind, are misers when it comes to using power. And that's a good thing — if you can remember to take advantage of it. "Most users make the mistake of simply not choosing to use a product's built-in ability to conserve battery life," says Dan Coffman, a senior product manager for PC manufacturer ViewSonic. How do you harness your PC's built-in ability to save? Consult your user manual. Often, calibrating your laptop is as easy as double-clicking on the battery icon in the toolbar.
4.
Always, always carry a spare device that uses batteries. How obvious is that? Well, if you're trying to keep under the onerous new airline weight-limits, it isn't. But as Rick Thompson, director of engineering at Valence Technology in Austin, Texas, observes, "the availability of 'free' power outside of your hotel room is not predictable." That's a nice way of saying it. In fact, I sometimes think airport terminals, car-rental facilities and hotels try to hide the power outlets from us to keep us from accessing their free power. Thompson recommends a system that can simultaneously charge a second portable device such as a cell phone or PDA, allowing you to multitask your battery operations.
If you've stuck with me long enough to hear my pitiful excuse for running my laptop battery down, here it is: My 2-year-old-son, Aren, uses my laptop to watch "The Wiggles" while I'm on the road (if you don't know who "The Wiggles" are, consider yourself fortunate). Aren decided to pull the power chord while he was watching an episode and used up all the power to run the DVD player. By the time I got to the PC, all the juice was gone.
I should probably thank Aren. He taught me how fast a DVD can run down a lithium-ion battery (in almost no time). Incidentally, he's also demonstrated how impact-resistant a battery can be (surprisingly) and that at least some of those warnings about the battery coming into contact with liquids are exaggerated. You'd be amazed at how well a battery holds up to liquids, especially whole milk.
Reality (battery) check
If you rely on a battery to get work done while you're away, you should, however, give yourself a reality check. Because while batteries can extend your productivity while you're on the road — in a plane, at a remote site or sitting in hotel lobby — they won't last you long enough. And if Buchmann is correct, they never will last you long enough.
I mean, even if you've taken all of these precautions, you can probably still think of several instances where you had a brilliant argument on the tip of your fingers, only to have the laptop power down under a faltering battery. I took the steps, and even without my toddler's interference, it was probably only a matter of time before my battery ran dry at an inopportune time.
The point is, while these tips will help extend the life of your battery, they won't make them last indefinitely. PC manufacturers may make it seem as if their laptops will run forever, but most of us know otherwise
Let your laptop do the saving. Not every computing device handles a power source in the same way. Some of the more sophisticated laptops, which are designed with business travelers in mind, are misers when it comes to using power. And that's a good thing — if you can remember to take advantage of it. "Most users make the mistake of simply not choosing to use a product's built-in ability to conserve battery life," says Dan Coffman, a senior product manager for PC manufacturer ViewSonic. How do you harness your PC's built-in ability to save? Consult your user manual. Often, calibrating your laptop is as easy as double-clicking on the battery icon in the toolbar.
4.
Always, always carry a spare device that uses batteries. How obvious is that? Well, if you're trying to keep under the onerous new airline weight-limits, it isn't. But as Rick Thompson, director of engineering at Valence Technology in Austin, Texas, observes, "the availability of 'free' power outside of your hotel room is not predictable." That's a nice way of saying it. In fact, I sometimes think airport terminals, car-rental facilities and hotels try to hide the power outlets from us to keep us from accessing their free power. Thompson recommends a system that can simultaneously charge a second portable device such as a cell phone or PDA, allowing you to multitask your battery operations.
If you've stuck with me long enough to hear my pitiful excuse for running my laptop battery down, here it is: My 2-year-old-son, Aren, uses my laptop to watch "The Wiggles" while I'm on the road (if you don't know who "The Wiggles" are, consider yourself fortunate). Aren decided to pull the power chord while he was watching an episode and used up all the power to run the DVD player. By the time I got to the PC, all the juice was gone.
I should probably thank Aren. He taught me how fast a DVD can run down a lithium-ion battery (in almost no time). Incidentally, he's also demonstrated how impact-resistant a battery can be (surprisingly) and that at least some of those warnings about the battery coming into contact with liquids are exaggerated. You'd be amazed at how well a battery holds up to liquids, especially whole milk.
Reality (battery) check
If you rely on a battery to get work done while you're away, you should, however, give yourself a reality check. Because while batteries can extend your productivity while you're on the road — in a plane, at a remote site or sitting in hotel lobby — they won't last you long enough. And if Buchmann is correct, they never will last you long enough.
I mean, even if you've taken all of these precautions, you can probably still think of several instances where you had a brilliant argument on the tip of your fingers, only to have the laptop power down under a faltering battery. I took the steps, and even without my toddler's interference, it was probably only a matter of time before my battery ran dry at an inopportune time.
The point is, while these tips will help extend the life of your battery, they won't make them last indefinitely. PC manufacturers may make it seem as if their laptops will run forever, but most of us know otherwise
4 tips to extend the life of your laptop battery
Don't even think about it," my laptop screen flashed back at me contemptuously (I'm paraphrasing the error message a little here). "I'm out of juice."
And then, before I could find an electrical outlet — Sea Tac has recently increased the number of available outlets, by the way; finally a reprieve for business travelers whose budget for airline club membership has been cut — the laptop expired.
The irony, of course, is that I had spent most of the previous week researching this column on how to extend your PC's battery life while you're on the road.
In a 2002 survey by chipmaker Intel, 57% of laptop users said they wished their batteries lasted longer. And that is wishful thinking, according to Isidor Buchmann, president and founder of Cadex Electronics in Vancouver, B.C., Canada. He suggests that although batteries become about 10% more efficient every year, the average PC's power needs also increase by about the same amount. Result: The average battery life is still painfully short (just three to four hours for most laptop models).
But you don't have to end up sitting in a waiting area, staring at a darkened screen, like I was. Here are four tried-and-true tips to extend the life of your laptop battery. Why should you take advice from a guy who couldn't keep his own unit charged? Read on if you want to hear my sad excuse.
1.
Power down all nonessential functions. Switch it off if you're not using it. Many business travelers already know that you don't want to take the DVD player for a spin on the plane, and that every time you hit "save" it can set the hard-drive whirring, which devours even more power. "But users often also forget to turn off their wireless card when they are no longer using it but are still using their computer," notes Mike Fuller, executive vice president of PC Laptops, a Sandy, Utah, laptop manufacturer. "When the wireless card is on, it still continually searches for networks." In Windows XP, click on "Power Options" in your control panel. It allows you to reduce the power consumption of any number of your computer devices or of your entire system.
2.
Stay out of extreme temperatures. The technology that powers you battery isn't terribly complicated. But it's important to understand a little bit about the chemistry behind batteries, and how that can affect your work. Specifically, temperatures can affect the performance of your battery. It's best to use (and especially charge) your batteries at room temperatures. Extreme conditions can drain your battery quickly. Also, avoid partial charges and use the battery until it is dead. Battery experts liken partial charges — and discharges — to eating a cup of lard every day. It significantly shortens your battery's life. Considering that a lithium-ion battery can explode if it's improperly used, it could also shorten your life.
And then, before I could find an electrical outlet — Sea Tac has recently increased the number of available outlets, by the way; finally a reprieve for business travelers whose budget for airline club membership has been cut — the laptop expired.
The irony, of course, is that I had spent most of the previous week researching this column on how to extend your PC's battery life while you're on the road.
In a 2002 survey by chipmaker Intel, 57% of laptop users said they wished their batteries lasted longer. And that is wishful thinking, according to Isidor Buchmann, president and founder of Cadex Electronics in Vancouver, B.C., Canada. He suggests that although batteries become about 10% more efficient every year, the average PC's power needs also increase by about the same amount. Result: The average battery life is still painfully short (just three to four hours for most laptop models).
But you don't have to end up sitting in a waiting area, staring at a darkened screen, like I was. Here are four tried-and-true tips to extend the life of your laptop battery. Why should you take advice from a guy who couldn't keep his own unit charged? Read on if you want to hear my sad excuse.
1.
Power down all nonessential functions. Switch it off if you're not using it. Many business travelers already know that you don't want to take the DVD player for a spin on the plane, and that every time you hit "save" it can set the hard-drive whirring, which devours even more power. "But users often also forget to turn off their wireless card when they are no longer using it but are still using their computer," notes Mike Fuller, executive vice president of PC Laptops, a Sandy, Utah, laptop manufacturer. "When the wireless card is on, it still continually searches for networks." In Windows XP, click on "Power Options" in your control panel. It allows you to reduce the power consumption of any number of your computer devices or of your entire system.
2.
Stay out of extreme temperatures. The technology that powers you battery isn't terribly complicated. But it's important to understand a little bit about the chemistry behind batteries, and how that can affect your work. Specifically, temperatures can affect the performance of your battery. It's best to use (and especially charge) your batteries at room temperatures. Extreme conditions can drain your battery quickly. Also, avoid partial charges and use the battery until it is dead. Battery experts liken partial charges — and discharges — to eating a cup of lard every day. It significantly shortens your battery's life. Considering that a lithium-ion battery can explode if it's improperly used, it could also shorten your life.
Notebook batteries Society
Of course, lithium-ion batteries are wrong, such as high prices and provide discharge less, and so on. Only the number of lithium batteries provide 400-600 discharge times, but also through special improvement products 800 times. By charging a daily basis, but also the best lithium batteries for more than two years. And nickel-hydrogen batteries charge number to reach 700 or more, some good quality products made discharged to 1200 times, such a comparison, the nickel-hydrogen batteries longevity than lithium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries and lithium batteries lower than prices. In view of this, there is as yet no perfect notebook batteries.
Common brand for the vast majority of notebook batteries folk. Markets have a small number of normal cells Chaobo notebook use, such as the Sony 505 series, Toshiba protege series. Cell materials and models based on the weight change, such as the shape of the same capacity and nickel hydrogen and lithium call, but a lot of weight.
Capacity primarily from the size indicated mAh battery to judge its Chinese name is milliampere. Milliampere-hour notebook size is directly related to the use of time, but also can not be generalized. The use of time with notebook battery configuration has a lot to do with, for example Well, Hewlett-Packard 6100 notebook introduced PIII-M, Mobility Radeon Xianqia many energy-efficient technologies such as hardware, with 4000mAh batteries, the use of time-four hours. Using the desktop CPU Toshiba 1800, although equipped with 4500mAh batteries, the use of time can only reach three hours. Working to meet the general needs. It also showed the notebook to use the time not only with mAh batteries, hardware energy-saving technologies is very important.
Second, notebook batteries - new technologies
The battery is achieved through mobile notebook computers from desktop office an important feature, and limited battery capacity, unlimited use of time to meet requirements of the growing notebook computer hardware configuration for battery consumption is also growing, and notebook computer batteries from lithium batteries are still not widely used after the major breakthrough to meet the growing power consumption, and to guarantee the use of time, then some of the new energy-saving technology becomes very important
Common brand for the vast majority of notebook batteries folk. Markets have a small number of normal cells Chaobo notebook use, such as the Sony 505 series, Toshiba protege series. Cell materials and models based on the weight change, such as the shape of the same capacity and nickel hydrogen and lithium call, but a lot of weight.
Capacity primarily from the size indicated mAh battery to judge its Chinese name is milliampere. Milliampere-hour notebook size is directly related to the use of time, but also can not be generalized. The use of time with notebook battery configuration has a lot to do with, for example Well, Hewlett-Packard 6100 notebook introduced PIII-M, Mobility Radeon Xianqia many energy-efficient technologies such as hardware, with 4000mAh batteries, the use of time-four hours. Using the desktop CPU Toshiba 1800, although equipped with 4500mAh batteries, the use of time can only reach three hours. Working to meet the general needs. It also showed the notebook to use the time not only with mAh batteries, hardware energy-saving technologies is very important.
Second, notebook batteries - new technologies
The battery is achieved through mobile notebook computers from desktop office an important feature, and limited battery capacity, unlimited use of time to meet requirements of the growing notebook computer hardware configuration for battery consumption is also growing, and notebook computer batteries from lithium batteries are still not widely used after the major breakthrough to meet the growing power consumption, and to guarantee the use of time, then some of the new energy-saving technology becomes very important
Notebook batteries Society
Next notebook computers introduced nickel hydrogen (NlMH) batteries, such batteries have better Xingjiabi and greater power, and "nickel-hydrogen batteries is one of the most environmentally friendly batteries, and pay attention to environmental countries strongly advocated the use of nickel-hydrogen batteries, which are recovered reuse, and the destruction of the environment is also the smallest. But nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium electricity compared still some shortcomings. charging time, a heavier weight, capacity than lithium -- small, battery discharge time is too short continuing, and memory effects, although unlike its memory nickel cadmium batteries so big, but still need to discharge, the user must be exhausted before charging. Nickel-hydrogen batteries will be lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell replacement. Lithium power long ago have started to use it, not security, often there will be in charge of burning, burst, it might be too active because lithium elements reasons. Later there will be a version of the lithium-ion batteries and joined the active ingredients can contain lithium elements, so that the real power lithium reached safety, efficiency, convenience, and the consequent elimination of the old lithium. They are also very simple distinction, from the logo, we can identify the cells, lithium call for Li, lithium-ion batteries for Li-ion. Now, notebook use of the so-called lithium call actually lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ion battery Chuneng density, may at any time charging and continuous discharge time, the general in about three hours. Battery capacity from the size of the main shows mAh (milliampere hours) to judge the value, such as 3000mAh, 4000mAh, the greater the value, the greater battery capacity
Notebook batteries Society
With notebook computer prices declined, presumably many friends have notebook. For notebook, the overall performance level is inextricably linked with the merits of the cell, its importance is no less than CPU, main board, hard disks and other components. To highlight the following on the notehttp://www.battery-export.com/book computer battery life, we hope to better use notebook computers helpful.
1, notebook computer battery profiles
Notebook computer battery is its flexibility and stability of the fundamental, mainstream notebook computer standard configuration rechargeable battery system. Rechargeable battery system, including charging batteries and power management systems. And batteries is reflected important aspects of portable notebook computers.
Notebook computer batteries used three main sub : 1. Nickel chromium batteries, 2. Nickel-hydrogen batteries, 3. Lithium batteries; They generally expressed as : Ni-Cd nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen Ni-MH, lithium call Li. Is the first notebook computer use Ni-Cd nickel-cadmium batteries, the battery technology is not as advanced, it is a headache for many nickel cadmium batteries have shortcomings, such as : size, weight, the capacity of small, short life span, memory effects. Thus the current nickel-cadmium batteries has already been eliminated, it is not detailed.
1, notebook computer battery profiles
Notebook computer battery is its flexibility and stability of the fundamental, mainstream notebook computer standard configuration rechargeable battery system. Rechargeable battery system, including charging batteries and power management systems. And batteries is reflected important aspects of portable notebook computers.
Notebook computer batteries used three main sub : 1. Nickel chromium batteries, 2. Nickel-hydrogen batteries, 3. Lithium batteries; They generally expressed as : Ni-Cd nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen Ni-MH, lithium call Li. Is the first notebook computer use Ni-Cd nickel-cadmium batteries, the battery technology is not as advanced, it is a headache for many nickel cadmium batteries have shortcomings, such as : size, weight, the capacity of small, short life span, memory effects. Thus the current nickel-cadmium batteries has already been eliminated, it is not detailed.
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